The height of peppers generally does not exceed one meter when they reach maturity. Therefore, many varieties can be grown in pots.
It is recommended to opt for small-sized varieties with a naturally compact growth habit. Among these, we can mention the dwarf variety ‘Demon Red’, the ‘Purple’ pepper, the ‘Basque Gorria’ (or Espelette pepper), or even the ‘Cayenne’ pepper.
Choosing the Pot
Peppers need a container deep enough (minimum 30 cm deep) for their roots to develop properly. Ideally, choose a pot that is 60 cm deep.
Another essential requirement is to provide your peppers with a container with one or more drainage holes.
Regarding materials, terracotta is ideal as it offers optimal aeration of the growing medium and plant roots, unlike plastic. However, any type of container should allow you to grow your peppers on your balcony or terrace.
Rich Soil
Peppers are nutrient-hungry plants. Grow them in a rich and high-quality substrate. A premium substrate for vegetable plants suits them perfectly.
Additionally, the potting soil must be sufficiently draining to prevent water stagnation. Place a thick layer of clay balls at the bottom of the container before filling it with substrate.
Support for Peppers Grown in Pots
Both in pots and in the ground, your pepper plants can reach up to 1 meter in height (depending on the chosen varieties). Therefore, it can be useful to provide them with support to prevent branches from bending under the weight of the fruits.
Location and Exposure
Peppers like heat and full sun. From May onwards, place the pot outdoors, on a balcony, terrace, or patio. Opt for a sunny exposure sheltered from the wind. In winter, bring your peppers indoors and place them in a warm, bright location.
It is important to note that in spring, you should progressively acclimate your peppers to the outdoor temperature. Start by placing them outside for a few hours a day. After several days of acclimatization, your peppers will be ready to stay outdoors permanently.
Watering Peppers in Pots
Peppers in pots need frequent but moderate watering. The substrate should always be moist but not waterlogged. To retain moisture in the substrate for longer, consider placing a thick layer of organic mulch around your peppers. This helps reduce substrate evaporation.
During the summer, when it is very hot, increase the frequency of watering. Daily watering may be necessary in case of prolonged heatwaves.
It is important to empty the tray under the pot to prevent water accumulation. Pepper is susceptible to mildew and powdery mildew, two serious fungal diseases favored by heat and excess moisture.
Fertilization and Feeding
Regular fertilization during the growing season helps maintain the growth and fruiting of your peppers in pots. During the vegetative development, fertilize your plant every 15 days.
Use an organic fertilizer accepted in organic farming, rich in potassium and phosphorus.
